Psalms 134

Psa 134:1

SUPERSCRIPTION: “A SONG OF ASCENTS”: Or “degrees” (AV).

In Psa 134, the climax of the Songs of Degrees, blessings stream forth from Zion, not upon a few scattered saints only, but upon the whole world. The law goes forth from Zion (Isa 2:2-4), and all nations are harvested in the great ingathering (Zec 14:16). The mountain of the Lord’s house is established in the top of the mountains, a house of prayer for all peoples (Isa 56:7).

BY NIGHT: Night watches were customarily set in the Temple (cp 1Ch 9:33). An official, known as the “captain of the temple” (Act 4:1), was entrusted with the command of the 24 guard stations, each consisting of 10 men (Temple 147). Hezekiah had profound interest in the temple service (2Ch 29:11; 30:16; 31:2). Exhortations: Mat 24:42,46; Rev 16:15; 1Th 5:6.

Psa 134:2

LIFT UP YOUR HANDS: In supplication: Psa 141:2. Cp 1Ti 2:8.

Psa 134:3

MAY THE LORD… BLESS YOU FROM ZION: Echoing the traditional blessing of the High Priest: “The Lord bless thee, and keep thee…” (Num 6:24-26).

Psalms 135

Psa 135:1

See Lesson, Psalms, “Hallelujah”.

Psa 135:2

COURTS: Plural: courts of men, of women, and of Gentiles (cp 122:2; Psa 134:1).

Psa 135:4

TREASURED POSSESSION: Heb “segullah”: jewels, or precious stones, in the breastplate (Exo 28:21; cp Mal 3:17). That which is specially set aside, as belonging to the priests, or to God. See Exo 19:5; Deu 17:6; 14:2; 26:18. In NT, see 1Pe 2:9; Eph 1:14; Tit 2:14.

Psa 135:5

GREATER THAN ALL GODS: Psa 136:3; 147:5. Spoken esp to the Assyrians, who taunted the God of Israel: cp Isa 44:9-20; 46:1-13.

Psa 135:7

CLOUDS RISE…: Tornado? Quoted in Jer 10:13; 51:16.

THE WIND (ruach: spirit) FROM HIS STOREHOUSES: As in Exo 10:13,19; 14:21; 15:0; Isa 17:13; 27:8; 32:2. The great works of God in Egypt.

Psa 135:8

Vv 8-12: Psa 136:10,15-22.

Vv 8,9: Judgment on Egypt in the deliverance of His people as in former days: Isa 19:16-21; Joe 3:19.

Psa 135:11

See Num 21:21-35; Deu 2:30; 3:11,21.

ALL THE KINGS OF CANAAN: 31 in all (Jos 12:7-24).

Psa 135:15

Vv 15-18: Amplifying v 5. // Psa 115:4-8.

Psa 135:21

“Bless the Lord”… who manifests himself.. .”out of Zion” (AV): God blesses His people out of Zion (Psa 128:5; 134:3). A true and lasting fellowship between God and men (Rev 21:3; 22:3,4).

Psalms 136

Psa 136:1

PSA 136: “The Great Hallel”, recited at end of Passover. Written for the service of David’s tabernacle (1Ch 16:34,41). Inaugurated Solomon’s temple (2Ch 5:13). Dedicated the holiness of Jehoshaphat’s campaign (2Ch 20:21). Prominent in the second temple period (Ezr 3:11). Future: a prominent place in Christ’s new temple (Jer 33:11).

HIS LOVE ENDURES FOREVER: “For his mercy endureth for ever” (Psa 136:1, KJV). “His love endures forever” (NIV).

This refrain was probably intended to be sung or spoken as an echo by a chorus. And in our modern congregational reading the same pattern might be followed with profit.

To the modern ear the KJV phrase, uttered verse after verse, is ponderous and wearisome. Then why was it not so to Israel in ancient days? For one thing, the phrase is much briefer in the Hebrew (“ki leolam chasdo”) than in the KJV (“for his mercy endureth for ever”) — only six syllables compared to ten. An English equivalent might be: “For his love has no end”; see how much more easily this phrase flows, verse after verse, than does “For his mercy endureth for ever”.

Secondly, such a refrain — whether short or long — was surely not tedious when the psalm was first composed, because of the intense relief and thankfulness which the latest mighty deliverance inspired in the minds of its singers. Only the tremendous experience of disaster and divine salvation is adequate to account for this repetitious yet unquenchably exuberant praise.

LOVE: His “mercy” (chesed). The OT uses this word in the modern sense of forgiveness of sins only very rarely. Rather, it is to be seen as a kind of religious technical term, with special reference to God’s Covenants of Promise (Psa 6:4; 18:50; 115:1; 2Sa 7:15; 1Ki 8:23; etc.). It is translated “lovingkindness” and “steadfast love” — this second alternative gives some sense of the sureness of God’s commitment to His Promises. In this sense, of “covenant love”, the word is often associated with another technical term — “truth” (Gen 24:27; 32:9,10; Mic 7:20; Psa 40:10; 85:10; 89:14,24,28,49; etc).

“Chesed” emphasized God’s special gift of deliverance from tribulations because of His promises. In the NT the function of “chesed” is more or less taken over by “grace”. Of course, forgiveness of sins is involved in the term, because the Promises are outstanding in their assurances of forgiveness: how can Abraham and his multitudinous “seed” inherit any land for ever if they do not have eternal life? and how can any man have eternal life without having his sins forgiven? (The associated word “bless/blessing” has this idea also: Acts 3:25,26; Gal 3:8.) Similarly, the technical term “truth” emphasizes that the fulfillment of the Promises is certain. God has sworn; nothing can impede the completion of His work

Psa 136:4

GREAT WONDERS: Which great wonders? Verses 5-9 specify… the heavens… the earth… sun… moon… stars. This theme of Creation, wherever it occurs in the Psalms (Psa 8; 19; 33; 104; 147; 148), invites the believer not to wrangle with his fellows over cosmological theories, but to delight in his environment — known to him as no mere mechanism but as a work of “covenant love”.

Psa 136:5

Pro 3:19; 8:22-31; Job 39:26; Jer 10:12; Psa 104:24.

Psa 136:6

Quoted in Isa 44:24, in an intended ct with the “gods” of the heathen: and also in Isa 42:5.

Psa 136:10

In Hezekiah’s day, (a) the alliance with Egypt proved worthless (Isa 30:1,2; 31:1), and (b) the besieging Assyrian army was destroyed at the time of Passover, by the same “Destroying Angel” who smote the firstborn in Egypt.

Psa 136:12

A MIGHTY HAND AND OUTSTRETCHED ARM: Isa 51:9,10; Psa 77:15; 89:10.

Psa 136:13

TO HIM WHO DIVIDED THE RED SEA ASUNDER: Or “divided the Red Sea in parts”: the sw as “parts” here appears only in Gen 15:17: the “pieces” of the sacrifices. And so the Egyptian soldiers were the “sacrifices” (or the “covenant victims”) by which God “sealed” His covenant with Israel (cp Jer 34:18)!

Psa 136:15

SWEPT: “Overthrew” (AV), sw “tossed” in Psa 109:23: used of locusts tossed about by the wind. Even men may be “grasshoppers” (Isa 40:22).

Psa 136:26

“The ‘mercy’ of the natural mind is an indiscriminating benevolence, shown alike to the wicked as to the good. The mercy of God is not so. It is a rich and abounding goodness, having its source in that love of God which no man can fathom or understand, but in its ultimate form, it is shown to those only whom He has decreed shall share it, and upon the conditions which He has decreed. And so it is written ‘I will have mercy upon whom I will have mercy.’ This seemingly arbitrary arrangement is shown to be just and good when the nature of the ‘mercy’ is understood.

“By sin, man is estranged from God. Being created ‘very good’, and in the image of God — given the privileges of a son, and of close communion with the Father of lights; he fell. From being a son, he became an alien; instead of goodness, he manifested evil; and from his former state of close and loving intercourse with God, he fell to that of being ‘afar off, without God, and without hope’.

“Those then, of whom God has said ‘I will have mercy’, are those who are called to leave this sin-stricken condition to again become the sons of God, and so we read that God ‘called’ Abraham to leave — what? — a nation who were aliens and strangers to the covenants of promise. He called him to ‘receive the adoption’; he who was ‘afar off’ was ‘brought nigh’, and made a recipient of that ‘mercy to Abraham’ which God has sworn unto the Fathers from the days of old. The same ‘mercy’ was shown in the sending of His Son in the flesh, for we are then told that He had ‘visited and redeemed His people’. The same mercy was shown to the Gentiles, for we read that God hath visited the Gentiles to take out from among them a people for His name. This mercy then being shown to those who are called out and delivered from a certain state of things, naturally involves the destruction of that state of things from which they are called out. And when we thus understand the method and reason of God’s dealings with men, we can appreciate — yea, we can rejoice in — Psalm 136, although its tenor is so repugnant to the unenlightened mind” (GF Lake).

Psalms 137

Psa 137:1

HISTORICAL CONTEXT: (a) Sennacherib carried 200,000 captives from Judea: cp Mic 4:10; (b) Edom was active in the Assyrian invasions: Isa 34; 63:1-6; Joe 3:19; Oba.

BABYLON = (prob) Assyria: (1) spoke virtually same language; (2) cp Isa 13;14 with Isa 14:25; (3) Isa 13:8 = Psa 48:5,6; (4) Isa 13 has 4 refs to Joel, which is about Assyria, not Babylon; (5) Mic 4:10 mentions Babylon but is about Assyria: ‘Now!”, not 100+ years from now; and (6) 2Ch 33:11 has king of Assyria carrying Manasseh captive to Babylon…

And Assyria = BABYLON: (1) Amo 5:2 — cp Act 7:43; (2) 2Ki 23:29; (3) Ezr 6:22; (4) Lam 5:6; Zec 10:10,11. Edom (v 7) renders assistance to Assyria in their invasions of the Promised Land (2Ch 28:17; Isa 34:6; 63:1-6; Oba 1:15-19).

Vv 1-3: These captives, carried by Assyrian army away to Babylon, were to return QUICKLY: Isa 27:6,12,13; 35:10; 37:30,31; 42:6,7; 48:20,21; 49:17-26; cp Psa 70:11; 85:1,11; 136:22-25; etc. (LD) Israel overthrown; her enemies rejoice over her (Eze 35:10,12; 36:2; Psa 79:10; Rev 11:10).

BY THE RIVERS OF BABYLON: Jewish custom to pray near running water, for purification purposes? See Eze 1:1; Dan 8:2; 10:4; Act 16:13. The land of Babylon, interlaced with numerous canals, rivers (cp Rev 17:1,5,15).

WE SAT: Posture of distress (Job 2:13; Lam 2:10; 3:28; Jer 6:26; Mic 1:10).

WEPT: Jer 9:1,18; Lam 2:11,18; 3:48; etc.

Vv 1-3 (LD): The scorn of those who have long wished to see the state of Israel overthrown. At last their holy war has achieved triumph (Eze 35:10,12; 36:2; Psa 79:10; Rev 11:10). All this is to be followed by a marked contrast when the Jews, now a true “Israel” (Prince with God), will rejoice in mount Zion for ever — and then, in an outpouring of joy, the harps will play again (Rev 14:2)!

Psa 137:3

SONGS OF ZION: Temple hymns (v 4: songs of the Lord). This proud mockery expresses the deep religious motive behind this invasion of Judah. It was seen as a contest between the “gods” of Assyria and Israel’s God. The Greek historian Strabo says that, some three or four centuries later, Hebrew singing girls were known to be the best in the world

Psa 137:4

At one time, had Assyrian demanded the temple choir and orchestra as hostages (Taylor Prism)? The earlier equally shameful episode in Ahaz’s reign, when part of the temple was handed over to an Assyrian garrison (cp Psa 79:1; 74:6,7; 2Ch 28:21), had left in some Assyrian minds a strong and envious memory of the splendor of the temple service.

Psa 137:5

MAY MY RIGHT HAND FORGET ITS SKILL: Note the italics in AV. Instead, read: “… let my right hand forget ME”. Or, as the RSV, by an emendation: “let my right hand wither”. Cp the idea of Psa 76:5.

Psa 137:6

JERUSALEM MY HIGHEST JOY: Difficult to imagine such language if Jerusalem lay in ruins, but more appropriate to the Jerusalem of Hezekiah’s day.

Psa 137:7

The Edomite hatred of Israel persisted through the ages, from Esau on (Gen 27:41). But v 7 (AV) does NOT say “WHEN Jerusalem fell”, but simply “in the day of Jerusalem”: “Remember, O LORD, the children of Edom in the day of Jerusalem” — ie, of Jerusalem’s distress (when she was IN DANGER of falling).

Psa 137:8

DOOMED TO DESTRUCTION: The fate of Nineveh (100 years later, at the hand of Nebuchadnezzar). But never the fate of Babylon!

HAPPY IS HE WHO REPAYS YOU FOR WHAT YOU HAVE DONE TO US: “And they [Jacob and Israel] shall take them [Babylon/Assyria] captives, whose captives they were; and they shall rule over their oppressors… I will break the Assyrian in the land, and upon my mountains tread him under foot: then shall his yoke depart from off them, and his burden depart from off their shoulders” (Isa 14:2,25).

Psa 137:9

The cruelties of war: 2Ki 8:12; 15:16; Hos 10:14; 13:16; Amo 1:13. (LD) The “children” of Islam dash themselves, in vain, against the “Rock” of Israel!

This verse links directly with Isa 13:16: “Their children also shall be dashed to pieces before their eyes; their houses shall be spoiled, and their wives ravished”… and had its sequel in what Nah 3:10 also foretold against Nineveh: “Yet was she carried away, she went into captivity: her young children also were dashed in pieces at the top of all the streets.”

And so the bestial Assyrians — and Edomites — no doubt suffered the same atrocities which they had visited (or sought to visit) on the people of Israel. The God who, through Christ, destroyed a wicked “tree” would not shrink from destroying its soon-to-be wicked “fruit” (cp Mat 21:19)!

Psalms 138

Psa 138:1

SUPERSCRIPTION: “OF DAVID”.

CONTEXT: See v 4: “all the Kings of the Land [eretz]”: ie 2Sa 6-8; Psa 60: the crisis in David’s early reign, when threatened by surrounding Arab nations.

BEFORE THE “GODS”: “Gods” (elohim) may = the princes of Israel (cp Psa 82), or the conquered kings of Arab nations (cp v 4; Psa 97:7,9; 119:46), or the vain idols they served (Psa 95:3; 96:4,5; 135:5).

Psa 138:2

TOWARD YOUR HOLY TEMPLE: (1) From the court before the sanctuary (1Ki 8:29), or (2) From the field of battle, as David thankfully faces Jerusalem (cp Psa 5:7; 28:2). (HEZEKIAH) After recovery from sickness, this was Hezekiah’s great delight: 2Ki 20:8; Isa 38:20.

YOUR WORD: That is, Heb “imrah”: Your “promise” (Psa 119:38,41,50, etc) ref to God’s promise, probably the special promise given to David in 2Sa 7:12-16 (see vv 21,25,26,28 there) at the beginning of his reign in Jerusalem. (Note the coincidence between Psa 138:2 and 2Sa 7:26: “let thy name be magnified for ever.”) The unexpected series of brilliant victories is here seen as a first token of the utter dependability of that great promise.

Psa 138:3

WHEN I CALLED: (HZ) The great double crisis of Hezekiah’s reign: his mortal illness, and the Assyrian invasion.

(NT) Christ in his Gethsemane experience! And how much even the Messiah needed the strengthening of his soul, which help could come only from the Father!

Psa 138:4

Was the prophecy of 2Sa 7 published far and wide, thus provoking the hostile reactions described in 2Sa 8?

(HEZEKIAH) The kings of the Land brings gifts to the Lord to Jerusalem (2Ch 32:23; cp Isa 49:22,23; 60:3; Psa 138:2).

(LD) The kings of the nations bring gifts to Messiah (Psa 72:10,11; 102:15,22).

Psa 138:5

Did this really happen also in the time of David? Or was he aware that the Holy Spirit was guiding him to expand the remarkable experiences of his own time into a prophecy of Messiah’s kingdom?

Psa 138:6

LOWLY: David, dancing before the ark. (HEZEKIAH) Hezekiah himself.

PROUD: Michal (2Sa 6:20-23), removed “afar” from David.

(HEZEKIAH) “Lowly” = Hezekiah; “proud” = Sennacherib.

Psa 138:7

(DAVID) 2Sa 8.

THOUGH I WALK IN THE MIDST OF TROUBLE: Christ’s walking on the stormy waters was emblematic of the help given him against the tide of opposition from the rulers which constantly surged round him.

Psa 138:8

HIS PURPOSE FOR ME: God has spoken of David’s house for a great while to come: 2Sa 7:13,26.

THE WORKS OF YOUR HANDS: (NT) The saints: Psa 102:18; 103:22; 145:9,10; Eph 2:1-10; 4:22-24; Col 1:15-18; 3:9,10; 2Co 5:14-19.

SUBSCRIPTION: “FOR THE DIRECTOR OF MUSIC”.

Psalms 139

Psa 139:1

SUPERSCRIPTION: “OF DAVID. A PSALM”.

SEARCHED: Sig “to dig, or mine”. ‘You know me inside out!’

Psa 139:2

YOU PERCEIVE MY THOUGHTS FROM AFAR: The prodigal son: “When he was yet a great way off” (Luk 15:20).

Psa 139:6

‘Such knowledge… as God has… is too wonderful for me; it is high, I cannot attain unto it.’ But see Eph 3:19; 4:13 and context (in which Paul is quoting this psalm: cp Eph 4:9 with v 15 here).

Psa 139:7

FLEE: Suggesting the need to escape, as old as the Fall (Gen 3:8). Jonah (Jon 1:3,10).

Psa 139:8

Vv 8,9: Heavens, depths: vertical limits of creation. Dawn (east), far side of sea (Mediterranean, west): horizontal limits…

Psa 139:13

Vv 13-16: (NT) Christ’s virgin birth: Eph 4:9 quotes v 15 here. Jesus was “from above” (Joh 3:31; 6:33,50; 8:23,42), yet actually woven together in the womb of a woman.

CREATED: This reading is confirmed by Ugaritic (see Gen 4:1n; Gen 14:19,22; Pro 8:22).

KNIT ME TOGETHER: The fantastic complexity of the human genetic code. This last verb [“knit together”] describes the meticulously interwoven intricacy of pattern on the veil of the Tabernacle. Yet that unique man-made fabric was utter simplicity compared with the fantastic complexity of every human being coming to birth. David, even without the resources of modern investigation in the field of genetics, was awestruck as he contemplated the “weaving together” of the human fetus in the womb. Then what would he have said if he had known what is commonly known today: how the genes of two parents are “knit together” by the unseen Hand to produce, every time, an absolutely unique human specimen?

Such a comparison, between a fabric and a human being, is fitting to teach us that the true “tabernacle” was the man Christ Jesus (John 1:14; 2:19; Col 2:9; Heb 8:2; 9:8,9,11; Mat 12:6).

Like a fabric is created of individual strands or threads, carefully woven together, so even a great building is created of separate building materials, skillfully arranged and intertwined by the builder. And so the same analogy holds, on another level, for the construction of a building. And thus we are taught also that — in Jesus Christ — every person may be a temple, filled with the glory of God: “Do you not know that your body is a temple of the Holy Spirit which is in you, which you have received from God, and you are not your own?” (1Co 6:19,20; cp 2Co 6:16).

Psa 139:14

WONDERFUL: The sw in Heb occurs in Isa 9:6: “His name shall be called Wonderful…”

Psa 139:15

WOVEN TOGETHER: The embroidery of the door hangings and the vail in the tabernacle (Exo 26:31,36; 27:16; 36:37; 38:18; cp Heb 10:20) and the high priest’s coat (Exo 28:39; 39:29). And so, here, the body of the fetus (cp Jer 1:5).

IN THE DEPTHS OF THE EARTH: Perhaps, “in the lowest parts, even the earth”: cp Isa 44:23 with Isa 49:13: an idiomatic way of emphasizing the contrast between God’s heaven and the human sphere of earth. See Eph 4:9.

Vv 15,16: Do these verses also picture the re-creation of life in the entombed Christ? (See Eur 1:15.) Jesus, born from a virgin womb and, later, from a “virgin” tomb (John 19:41)! Then “all my members” (KJV) or “all my days” (NIV) would be all believers, destined to become members of the One Christ-Body (1Co 12:27; Col 1:15,18) as a result of the death and resurrection of the Head.

Psa 139:16

God saw the end from the beginning, even in the development of the individual fetus.

WRITTEN IN YOUR BOOK: Cp Psa 40:6-8.

Psa 139:17

HOW PRECIOUS TO ME ARE YOUR THOUGHTS, O GOD!: That is, God’s purposes with the psalmist. The marvel of formation in the womb is now matched by the equally wonderful Providence with which each day and every day runs its course according to the unperceived guidance of God. The evidences of this Providence are not to be counted (v 18); they are too numerous, too complex, too “wonderful”.

“Divine omniscience affords no comfort to the ungodly mind, but to the child of God it overflows with consolation. God is always thinking upon us, never turns aside His mind from us, has us always before His eyes; and this is precisely as we would have it, for it would be dreadful to exist for a moment beyond the observation of our heavenly Father. His thoughts are always tender, loving, wise, prudent, far-reaching, and they bring to us countless benefits: hence it is a choice delight to remember them. The Lord always did think upon His people: hence their election and the covenant of grace by which their salvation is secured; He always will think upon them: hence their final perseverance by which they shall be brought safely to their final rest. In all our wanderings the watchful glance of the Eternal Watcher is evermore fixed upon us — we never roam beyond the Shepherd’s eye.

“In our sorrows He observes us incessantly, and not a pang escapes Him; in our toils He marks all our weariness, and writes in His book all the struggles of His faithful ones. These thoughts of the Lord encompass us in all our paths, and penetrate the innermost region of our being. Not a nerve or tissue, valve or vessel, of our bodily organization is uncared for; all the little things of our little world are thought upon by the great God” (CHS).

Psa 139:23

Vv 23,24: (NT) Jesus’ yielding of self to his Father.

TEST ME AND KNOW MY ANXIOUS THOUGHTS: “What we are putting in our minds from day to day is what we are making of ourselves, our lives, and our eternal destiny. God requires that to the fullest of our abilities and opportunities we build minds spiritually by filling them with His Word. Each spiritual thought adds to the spiritual man; each fleshly thought adds to the fleshly man. Each thought leaves permanent physical imprint for good or ill” (GVG).

Psa 139:24

LEAD ME IN THE WAY EVERLASTING: “A great mistake — perhaps our greatest mistake — is not to seek the guidance of God enough. We seek it generally, and formally, and ritually, but we do not seek it specifically enough nor frequently enough. We tend to reserve God’s direct guidance for ’emergencies’: we feel we can handle all ordinary affairs with our own unerring understanding and common sense. We wouldn’t say so, but we act that way. We know nothing, and have no sense, common or otherwise. Seeking God’s guidance must be a continuous, conscious, moment-to-moment operation, in all things, great and small. It must, as much as possible, by constant effort and remembrance, become second nature. This is how those of old who succeeded, did succeed, and how those who failed, failed. Of ourselves, we are ignorant and foolish, and no amount of worldly education or knowledge can change this basic fact, although it can mask and obscure it, and deceive us concerning it. Only in the sought-for guidance of God moment to moment is there any possibility of ‘directing the steps aright.’ It’s a fatal error to leave God’s guidance to the ‘big’ things. It is the constant ‘little’ things that are shaping our character and our destiny. God is not a compass to be glanced at occasionally and briefly, to see that we are moving generally in the right direction. He is the balance-pole on the tightrope of life: essential for safety every moment” (GVG).

“We do not love a dream; that is only a kind of self-love, like the fabled Greek who fell in love with his own reflection in a pool. We cannot love a convention, a respectability; that is only a refuge for dried-up souls, who by running in a groove can evade the need of loving. We do not love a hobby (however much we may like it), because a hobby in itself is only an expression of our own energy, mental or physical. The fact is that we cannot love God unless we know Him to be wholly other than ourselves; and then we can say with the Psalmist: O Lord, thou hast searched me, and known me. Thou knowest my downsitting and mine uprising, Thou understandest my thought afar off… Search me, O God, and know my heart: Try me, and know my thoughts: And see if there be any wicked way in me, And lead me in the way everlasting” (TM 185).

SUBSCRIPTION: “FOR THE DIRECTOR OF MUSIC”.

Psalms 140

Psa 140:1

SUPERSCRIPTION: “A PSALM OF DAVID”.

CONTEXT: Poss Absalom’s rebellion. (HEZEKIAH) The cursing of Rabshakeh, and Sennacherib. (NT) Plots, evil words, and intrigues directed against Christ: John 5:16,18; Mark 3:6; Luke 11:54; John 7:19-21,25; 8:59; Luke 13:31; John 10:31,39; 11:8,16,44-54; Luke 20:14-26; Matt 26:3-5,16. Esp the intrigue and hostility of the last week of his ministry, which he spent in and around Jerusalem.

Psa 140:3

THEIR TONGUES AS SHARP AS A SERPENT’S: A clear allusion to the serpent of Gen 3. This contrasts beautifully with the tongue and lips of the Bride — which drips with honey (Song 4:11).

(NT) Mat 23:33; Rom 3:13.

See Lesson, Selah.

Psa 140:4

THE WICKED… MEN OF VIOLENCE: Shimei (2Sa 16:5-13), Ahithophel (2Sa 17:1-3).

Psa 140:5

SNARE… NET… TRAPS: Secret and deceitful activity: Psa 31:4; 57:6; 64:5; 142:3.

See Lesson, Selah.

Psa 140:7

WHO SHIELDS MY HEAD: Like a bodyguard (1Sa 28:2; 2Sa 15:18).

Psa 140:8

See Lesson, Selah.

Psa 140:9

Brought down by their own disloyalty: Absalom, Ahithophel, Shimei, Ziba.

(NT) “His blood be on us and on our children” (Matt 27:25) was followed by AD 70. And the decree of Caiaphas, that “one man should die for the people” (John 11:50), resulted in the annulment of his own priesthood. Cp also Psa 7:16; 109:5-20.

Psa 140:10

BURNING COALS: Pro 16:27; 25:21,22; Rom 12:20. Coals of fire may be a curse (Eze 10:2; Psa 120:2-4), but in certain instances (with those who recognize their sins?) they may also be a blessing (Isa 6:6,7)!

Cp stones flung by Shimei at David.

(HEZEKIAH) The fire of God falling on Assyrians (Isa 30:30-33).

INTO MIRY PITS: Absalom, cast into a “great pit” (2Sa 18:17).

(HEZEKIAH) Assyrian corpses by the 1000s, buried in Gehenna.

Psa 140:11

MAY DISASTER HUNT DOWN MEN OF VIOLENCE: Sennacherib was finally slain by his own sons (Isa 37:38).

Psa 140:12

A marvelous expression of faith. God is in control — all will yet be well; cp the spirit of David’s reaction to the curses of Shimei: “If he is cursing because the LORD said to him, ‘Curse David,’ who can ask, ‘Why do you do this?’… My son, who is of my own flesh, is trying to take my life. How much more, then, this Benjamite! Leave him alone; let him curse, for the LORD has told him to. It may be that the LORD will see my distress and repay me with good for the cursing I am receiving today” (2Sa 16:10-12).

Psa 140:13

THE UPRIGHT WILL LIVE BEFORE YOU: The highest ambition of this man whose leprosy had excluded him from the sanctuary of the Lord.

Psalms 141

Psa 141:1

SUPERSCRIPTION: “A PSALM OF DAVID”.

CONTEXT: Poss Absalom’s rebellion.

Psa 141:2

Incense = prayer: Mal 1:11; Rev 5:8; 8:4. For David fleeing from Jerusalem and for Jesus in Gethsemane, these literal offerings were not possible. But the lifting up of their hands in praise and supplication was (and still is, for others) equally acceptable. Hence also Lam 3:41; Psa 63:4; 86:4; and 1Ti 2:8. // Psa 50:13,14; 51:15-17; 69:30,31; 40:6-10.

(NT) Jesus kneels in the evening shadows of Gethsemane; there he was “touched” by Gabriel at the time of the evening oblation (Dan 9:21; Luk 22:43). See the prayer of Joh 17.

Psa 141:3

SET A GUARD OVER MY MOUTH: (NT) A Christ under the strain of great temptation: cp Joh 18:19-23; 19:10.

Psa 141:4

LET ME NOT EAT OF THEIR DELICACIES: It was at a special religious feast at Hebron that Absalom solicited and received support, and proclaimed himself king — rebelling against his father David (2Sa 15:7-12).

(NT) This suggests Jesus’ wariness at the social invitations offered him by the Pharisees, whose intent was to watch him closely and if possible catch him off guard (eg Luk 14:1).

To share the close friendly “table” fellowship of certain sorts of men is to become, first by small degrees and then more and more by wholesale lots, like unto them. In certain social settings, the general standards of courtesy forbid men to express exception to what they see and hear, which at other times they would resolutely shun. And so, almost subconsciously, “bad company ruins good morals” (1Co 15:33) — and the best of men, unless they are constantly on their guard, tend to turn into the sort of people which mere formality “compels” them to put up with. How dangerous such “polite” associations with worldly men can be!

Psa 141:5

LET A RIGHTEOUS MAN STRIKE ME: “Faithful are the wounds of a friend” (Pro 27:6). “Rebuke a wise man, and he will love thee” (Pro 9:8; cp Pro 3:11,12; Heb 12:5-11; Ecc 4:13; Rev 3:19). David’s rebuke by Nathan: 2Sa 12:7.

MY HEAD WILL NOT REFUSE IT: “Which shall not break my head” (AV). Subtle allusion to Gen 3:15.

Psa 141:6

THROWN DOWN FROM THE CLIFFS: “Overthrown in stony places” (AV): Rebellion leaders Absalom and Ahithophel (2Sa 15:4; 16:23), Absalom esp buried in a “great pit with a great heap of stones upon him” (2Sa 18:17; cp Psa 140:10).

Even more graphically, since the NIV has: “Their rulers will be thrown down from the cliffs” (sw 2Ki 9:33: “Throw her [Jezebel] down!” — cp Psa 137:9; Hos 10:14; 2Ch 25:12; Luke 4:29): did such a thing really happen to some of Absalom’s henchmen in the aftermath of the defeat of the revolution?

Psa 141:7

SO OUR BONES HAVE BEEN SCATTERED AT THE MOUTH OF THE GRAVE: (1) Hyperbole: David and his loyal bodyguard thought they were as good as dead.

(NT) Terrible persecutions of Christ’s followers.

(2) Or, poss, as RSV and NEB, “THEIR bones..” — ref to the wicked rulers in Psa 141:6.

(NT) Death of Judas: Act 1:18.

AS ONE PLOWS AND BREAKS UP THE EARTH: Plowing as a figure of affliction in Psa 129:3. Or, “as when one cleaveth wood” (AV). Vivid figures of wholesale slaughter.

Psa 141:10

(NT) What the rulers sought to avoid (Joh 11:48-50) came upon them.

Psalms 131

Psa 131:1

SUPERSCRIPTION: “A SONG OF ASCENTS. OF DAVID”: Or “degrees” (AV).

Psa 131: It requires little imagination to see in this short and touching psalm a cameo of our Savior’s life. From an out-of-the-way stable in Bethlehem to a criminal’s cross outside the walls of Jerusalem, his every moment was a living testament to meekness and humility. The child born to kingship obediently submitted himself to poor parents and grew to maturity in the most lowly of surroundings. The tools of a common tradesman were his, this young man who listened to the voice of God. And afterward, when God in His own good time called His Son to service, his ears like the Father’s were attuned to the cries of the weak and the suffering: “Come unto me, all ye that labour and are heavy laden, and I will give you rest. Take my yoke upon you, and learn of me; for I am meek and lowly in heart: and ye shall find rest unto your souls” (Mat 11:28,29).

Childlike faith was his sure possession; he often found pleasant respite in the eager enthusiasm and simple trust of children (Mat 18:1-4). They came to him and he taught them; his word was simple and pure. The lilies of the field, the beasts and fowls, the seed and the sower, the fishermen at their toil, were all arrayed as exhortations to childlike faith and dependence upon the Heavenly Father, and the “children” (whether six or sixty) understood. They gathered round him and found a new purpose in life. Surely the words of Jeremiah were written for this man: “The Lord is my portion… therefore will I hope in him. The Lord is good unto them that wait for him, to the soul that seeketh him. It is good that a man should both hope and quietly wait for the salvation of the Lord. It is good for a man that he bear the yoke in his youth” (Lam 3:24-27).

MY HEART IS NOT PROUD: Once pride enters the heart, and is cherished there, it eventually finds expression in proud looks, which the Lord hates (Pro 6:17; 21:4; Psa 18:27; 101:5). This humility was the quality of character exhibited by David when the ark was brought to Zion. The king of all Israel cast off his royal outer garments and danced joyfully before the procession, as a slave would dance in the presence of his master. This provoked contempt from the haughty Michal, daughter of a king (Saul) as well as wife of another king. Born to power and position, she at least knew how a king should act; this spectacle was abominable in her sight, and she told David so. His reply was quick and uncompromising to her pride: “I have danced before the Lord, not before men. The Lord chose me above your father and all his house for this very attitude. And I will continue to make myself contemptible, and I will be abased in mine own eyes” (2Sa 6:21,22). David’s humility exhibited when the ark was brought to Zion (2Sa 6; esp vv 21,22).

(HEZEKIAH) Confronted with the taunts of Rabshakeh… Isa 37:1.

(NT) “Come unto me… I am meek and lowly in heart” (Mat 11:28,29). “Not as I will, but as thou wilt” (Mat 26:39).

I DO NOT CONCERN MYSELF WITH GREAT MATTERS: The early life of David illustrates this peaceful acceptance of God’s will time after time. While his brothers sought the excitement and possible glory of battle, David remained behind to tend his father’s sheep. The dangers from wild beasts were just as great (1Sa 17:34-36), but the temporal rewards were non-existent. Anointed by Samuel as king of Israel, David spent years as a fugitive, declining several opportunities to slay Saul and grasp the kingdom that was rightfully his, for he knew that God would elevate him at the proper time. Even as an aged king, burdened by the effect of his sins, he did not abandon his trust in God. When cursed by Shimei he “turned the other cheek” (2Sa 16:11,12).

(NT) Christ’s refusal to become a political Messiah (Joh 6:15; 18:36).

Psa 131:2

Calmness and faith in the protection of God. RSV: “Like a child quieted at its mother’s breast…” The nursing child: who has found his heart’s desire, who can comprehend no greater joy than the nourishment at hand, and need look no further for complete satisfaction.

Psa 131:3

The experiences of the individual are, by God’s revelation, used to enlighten the multitude. “God resists the proud, but gives grace unto the humble” (Pro 3:34; Jam 4:6,7,10; cp 1Pe 5:5,6).

Psalms 132

Psa 132:1

SUPERSCRIPTION: “A SONG OF ASCENTS”: Or “degrees” (AV).

Suggested outline: Vv 1,2: “Lord, remember David”; vv 3-9: David’s psalm — the ark in Zion; v 10: For David’s sake; vv 11-18: Commentary on David’s psalm.

Psa 132:2

HE SWORE AN OATH: Implied in 2Sa 7:2.

THE MIGHTY ONE OF JACOB: Quoting Gen 49:24, where “stone” ref the great stone (“sela”), on Ornan’s threshingfloor, on which the altar of burnt offering was built.

Add “saying” at the end of this verse (see Psa 9:12n).

Psa 132:3

Vv 3-5: How can David rest until he has prepared a permanent dwelling place for the Ark of God? (2Sa 7:2). Cp sentiment of Haggai (Hag 1:4,5).

Psa 132:5

PLACE: Heb “maqom”: commonly meaning a holy place, an altar, or sanctuary (Gen 22:3,4,9,14; 28:11-19; Deu 12:11-21; Psa 24:3; 26:8; Isa 60:13; 66:1).

Psa 132:6

WE HEARD ABOUT IT: The ark of God was the center of David’s hopes. Even as a youth, growing up in Bethlehem-Ephrathah (Gen 35:19; 48:7; Rth 4:11; Mic 5:2), he had heard of it in Shiloh (1Sa 1:3). He had known of its being carried away by the Philistines (1Sa 4:17), and its coming at last to Kirjath-jearim, where it abode 20 years (1Sa 6:21; 7:1,2).

EPHRATHAH: Bethlehem-Ephrathah.

WE CAME UPON IT…or FOUND IT: Suggests Saul allowed the Tabernacle to remain in obscurity and neglect.

JAAR: Kirjath-jearim.

Psa 132:7

FOOTSTOOL: // to “ark” in v 8 (cp Psa 99:5; Lam 2:1; 1Ch 28:2; Isa 60:13; 66:1).

Psa 132:8

ARISE, O LORD: The ancient battle-cry of Israel, uttered by Moses in the wilderness (Num 10:35,36). As David brought the ark to Zion, he sang, “Let God arise, let his enemies be scattered” (2Sa 6:1). Similarly, Solomon at the Temple dedication (2Ch 6:41,42).

(NT) “Arise” = the resurrection (sw Mar 5:41), to a new priesthood!

Psa 132:9

MAY YOUR PRIESTS BE CLOTHED WITH RIGHTEOUSNESS: Saints to be kings and priests: Rev 5:10; cp Rev 19:8.

Psa 132:10

FOR THE SAKE OF DAVID YOUR SERVANT: Here starts Hezekiah’s psalm, modeled on David’s earlier one (vv 1-8). “For David’s sake” God had spared the kings of Judah and the nation itself (1Ki 11:12,13; 15:4; 2Ki 8:19,24-26), and Hezekiah was firmly convinced He would do it again.

Psa 132:11

Vv 11,12: Thus, Hezekiah remembers the great Davidic promise: 2Sa 7:8-17; 1Ch 17:7-17. Since at this time Hezekiah had no child (2Ki 20:8; Isa 39:7), the phrase “IF your sons…” (v 12) would have special significance for him!

ONE OF YOUR DESCENDANTS: “Of the fruit of thy body” (AV). The Heb is “belly” (AV mg), or more precisely “womb” (sw 2Sa 7:12). In other places, the standard promise is “out of thy loins”, emphasizing the male element in procreation. But here, although spoken to a man, the emphasis is on the female — hence the Virgin Birth! “Blessed is the fruit of thy womb” (Luk 1:42).

Psa 132:13

ZION: The city of David, the city of the great king (Mat 5:35): Chosen above all others (Psa 48:1,2; 68:16).

A NT doctrine also: Heb 12:22; Rev 14:1-3.

Psa 132:15

Vv 15-18: 6 allusions to the Sanctuary: the shewbread (v 15), the priests (16), choir (16), the horn of the altar (17), lampstand (17), and the high-priestly crown (18).

ABUNDANT PROVISIONS: Hezekiah’s “great store” (2Ch 31:10), by which Jerusalem was sustained during the Assyrian siege (cp Isa 33:16,20).

HER POOR WILL I SATISFY: Hezekiah’s jubilee? Isa 37:30,31.

WITH FOOD: Or “bread” (AV). The breaking of bread.

Psa 132:16

I WILL CLOTHE HER PRIESTS WITH SALVATION: …While Israel’s enemies are “clothed” with shame (v 18; Isa 37:36,37)!

Psa 132:17

HORN: Sym strength (Psa 18:2; 75:4,5,10; 89:17,24; 92:10; 112:9), and the strength of a man is revealed in his children (Gen 49:3; Jdg 8:21).

GROW: Or “sprout” or “bud”, suggesting the great “Branch” prophecies: Jer 23:5,6; Zec 3:8; 6:12 — applied to Christ: Luk 1:69.

A LAMP FOR MY ANOINTED ONE: Lamp = dignity, joy, prosperity (Psa 18:28; 2Sa 21:17). The continuation of the Davidic line: 1Ki 15:4; 2Ch 21:7; Isa 62:1.

(NT) Christ is the “light” of the world: Joh 8:12; likewise, his followers: Mat 5:14-16.